The IMF is undergoing an unprecedented expansion of its access to
resources, possibly reaching a trillion dollars. This week the European
Union committed $175 billion, $67 billion more than even the $108
billion that Washington agreed to fork over after a tense standoff
between the U.S. Congress and the Obama administration earlier this
summer.
The Fund and its advocates argue that the IMF has changed. The IMF is "back in a new guise," said The Economist.
This time, we are told, it's really going to act as a multilateral
organization that looks out for the countries and people of the world,
and not just for Washington, Wall Street, or European banks.
But it's looking more and more like the same old IMF on steroids.
Last week the IMF disbursed $150.1 million to the de facto government
of Honduras, and it plans to disburse another $13.8 million on
September 9. The de facto government has no legitimacy in the world. It
took power on June 28th in a military coup, in which the elected
President, Manuel Zelaya, was taken from his home at gunpoint and flown
out of the country. The Organization of American States suspended
Honduras until democracy is restored, and the United Nations also
called for the "immediate and unconditional return" of the elected
president.
No country in the world recognizes the coup government of Honduras.
From the Western Hemisphere and the European Union, only the United
States retains an ambassador there. The World Bank paused lending to Honduras two days after the coup, and the Inter-American Development Bank did the same the next day. More recently the Central American Bank of Economic Integration suspended credit to Honduras. The European Union has suspended over $90 million in aid as well, and is considering further sanctions.
But the IMF has gone ahead and dumped a large amount of money on
Honduras -- the equivalent would be more than $160 billion in the
United States -- as though everything is ok there.
This is in keeping with U.S. policy, which is not surprising since
the United States has been -- since the IMF's creation in 1944 -- the
Fund's principal overseer. Washington has so far made only a symbolic
gesture in cutting off about $18.5 million to Honduras, while
continuing to pour in tens of millions more.
In fact, more than two months after the Honduran military overthrew
the elected president of Honduras, the United States government has yet
to determine that a military coup has actually occurred. This is
because such a determination would require, under the U.S. Foreign
Appropriations Act, a cut off of aid.
One of the largest sources of U.S. aid is the Millennium Challenge
Corporation (MCC), a government entity whose board is chaired by U.S.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
Interestingly, there were two military coups in the last year in countries that were receiving MCC money: Madagascar and Mauritania. In both of those cases, MCC aid was suspended within three days of the coup.
The IMF's decision to give money to the Honduran government is
reminiscent of its reaction to the 2002 coup that temporarily overthrew
President Hugo Chavez of Venezuela. Just a few hours after that coup,
the IMF's spokesperson announced that "we stand ready to assist the new administration in whatever manner they find suitable."
This immediate pledge of support by the IMF to a military-installed
government was at the time unprecedented. Given the resources and power
of the IMF, it was an important source of international legitimacy for
the coup government. Members of the U.S. Congress later wrote to the
IMF to inquire how this happened. How did the IMF decide so quickly to
support this illegitimate government? The Fund responded that no
decision was made, that this was just an off-the-cuff remark by its
spokesperson. But this seems very unlikely, and in the video on the
IMF's web site, the spokesperson appears to be reading from a prepared
statement when talking about money for the coup government.
In the Honduran case, the IMF would likely say that the current
funds are part of a $250 billion package in which all member countries
are receiving a share proportional to their IMF quota, regardless of
governance. This is true, but it doesn't resolve the question as to
whom the funds should be disbursed to, in the case of a non-recognized,
illegitimate government that has seized power by force. The Fund could
very easily postpone disbursing this money until some kind of
determination could be made, rather than simply acting as though there
were no question about the legitimacy of the coup government.
Interestingly, the IMF had no problem cutting off funds under its
standby arrangement with the democratically-elected government of
President Zelaya in November of last year, when the Fund did not agree
with his economic policies.
We're still a long way off from a reformed IMF.
Monthly Review