The 1923 publication of Selections
from the Writings of Kierkegaard contains a brief statement, one that
today’s curious seekers and revolutionaries might entertain. “Not only in the
world of commerce,” writes Søren Kierkegaard, the father of existentialist
thought, “but also in the world of ideas our age has arranged a regular
clearance-sale.” Of course, to claim that ideas exist on the market like everything
else in a “world of commerce” is not to pinpoint a truth, but rather, to invoke
a metaphor. Kierkegaard does not contend that worthy ideas must come with a
hefty price tag in order to verify their importance among thinkers. Instead, he
laments the fact that “ideas” increasingly seem attractive simply because they
require so little of their “consumers.”
In other words, the benefit of a
bargain-price idea is that it costs, on an existential level at least, so
little. Today, generations after Kierkegaard walked
the earth, existentialism is perhaps a philosophical luxury that few can
literally afford. Nevertheless, Kierkegaard’s insight holds true in a different
sense: Without any doubt, today’s worst “clearance-sale idea” is capitalism,
and the destruction it both causes and requires knows no boundaries. There is
an alternative (namely, socialism), and the world's quintessential neoliberal
state (the United States of America) is key to a global rebellion against
capitalism.
Far too many Americans have bought into the
notion that capitalism comes at little or no cost, and thus the expenses of the
many continue to benefit the few. Today’s privileged fraction—i.e., the global
1%—has the great fortune of experiencing life without the encumbrances of dire
poverty, hunger, lack of rights, alienation, persecution, repression, etc.,
which plague billions of others crushed by capitalism and the global capitalist
system. Moreover, if the plutocracy fancies that it can enjoy capitalism at
little personal cost, then why should its privileged ranks consider
alternatives that give credence to a communist thinker, like Karl Marx, or to
his conception of a “new type of human being who needs his
fellow-men,” for example? Why should the ruling elites fashion any “real
constructive effort to create the social texture of future human relations,” as
Marx states? The fact is that, if capitalism's overseers ably exact a profit
from capitalism at seemingly little expense to themselves (whilst growing ever
richer in the process), then rationally they should have no plans for undoing
the economic system that empowers them thusly.
In the West, a reigning few trump universal equality,
and the freedom of ownership is at war with the common good. In fact, this
problem is centuries old. Noam Chomsky’s recent treatment of the Magna Carta,
whose 800th anniversary is this year, also contains some very
relevant thoughts on the Charter of the Forest—the companion to the Great
Charter that calls for the “protection of the commons from external power.” The
commons provided a spring from which the general population might sustain
itself. This includes “food, fuel, construction, materials, a form of welfare,
whatever was essential for life,” says Chomsky, who recalls that by the 13th century
the English forest “was not primitive wilderness,” but “carefully nurtured” by
generations of users. All had access to the riches therein. People without
access to cultivable land used the commons, and they maintained what British
social historian R.H. Tawney identifies as an “open field system of
agriculture…reposed upon a common custom and traditions,” which exist in
addition to other elements of traditional societies that yet stipple today’s
world.
As an outgrowth of British economic history,
Americans today are unlikely to find any such commons despite their looking,
and some may have no clue why. Late historian Howard Zinn recounts a moment in
North Carolina history (1766-1771), for example, when agitation against the
British left little room for class issues—but one reminder of the fact that
America’s experience with the side effects of unfettered capitalism is clearly centuries
old. One movement, dubbed the Regulator movement, involved what Marvin L.
Michael Kay calls “class-conscious white farmers in the west who attempted to
democratize local government in their respective counties,” and who called
themselves “poor Industrious peasants,” “labourers,” “the wretched poor,” and
“oppressed,” by “rich and powerful … designing Monsters.” The movement decried
the knockout combination of wealth and political power as the ruling force in
North Carolina, and it denounced officials “whose highest Study [was] the
promotion of their wealth.” The Regulators indeed organized and occupied in
protest of many things, petitioning the government, citing “the unequal chances
the poor and the weak have in contentions with the rich and powerful.”
Chomsky, too, invokes the 18th century
and the drastic changes that took place when the Charter of the Forest “had
fallen victim of the commodity economy and capitalist practice and moral
culture.” He cites this turn as responsible for the famous “tragedy of the
commons,” the idea that individual avarice will destroy that which is not
privately owned. Peter Linebaugh observes, “The Forest Charter was forgotten or
consigned to the gothic past,” and thus no longer were the commons protected
for the sake of what Chomsky identifies as “cooperative nurturing and use.”
That which could not be privatized effectively restricted the rights of common
folk, and Chomsky claims that this category “continues to shrink, to virtual
invisibility” today. Indeed, capitalist development has radically retooled and
revised both the treatment and the conception of the commons, and for Chomsky,
Garrett Hardin captures today’s predominant view in his argument that “freedom
in a commons brings ruin to all.”
Despite Hardin’s prevailing pro-private
property argument, there are many 21st-century global efforts that
take aim at capitalism and capitalist development, which forever privatizes the
commons and marginalizes those who might otherwise benefit from them. Of
course, there are myriad reasons why so many global citizens despise and
actively seek the overthrow of capitalism. In December 2014 and January 2015,
the Festival of Rebellion and Resistance Against Capitalism, for example,
worked its way through Mexico largely thanks to organizational efforts by the
Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) and the National Indigenous
Congress (CNI)—“a federation of indigenous communities in resistance around the
country,” as Patrick Weiniger and Lourdes García Larqué write. On day one of
the event, many people contributed new accounts of the problems that capitalism
causes in their local nexus. Two main themes emerged: dispossession and
repression, two key implements of capitalism. Mexico certainly is no stranger
to the ravages of capitalism, and Zapatistas as well as wider networks of
Mexico’s indigenous resistance have persevered for more than twenty impressive
years. Different mass struggles yet emerge, and despite repressive and
murderous efforts, government there has failed to silence these very important
voices.
With the creative power of capital to bolster
the cause of the few and propel it, though, some earnestly ask what relevance
do indigenous and marginalized voices have. Why listen to their nightmare tales
of capitalism, that is, if superficially it seems a moot point, if the rich and
powerful grow more so by it, if the "bargain-sale" price of global
capitalism is so easy and attractive? Well, if the collapse of financial
markets in 2008 was not proof enough that the capitalist cancer spreads, and
alarmingly so, the plutocracy itself now expresses concerns about current
monetary policies that engender enormous financial bubbles that threaten the
vitality of the system. Mouthpieces for the global 1% now sound the alarm about
the likely disastrous consequences that indigenous (as well as other) groups
have denounced for so long. The head of the Reserve Bank of St. Louis, for
example, warns of a an asset price bubble that could potentially “blow up out
of control.” The US stock market clearly enters a situation comparable to
patterns such as those of 1929, 2000, and 2007—years in which an economic crash
loomed on the global financial horizon. Nevertheless, multi-trillion dollar
financial markets continue to operate on what began as a criminal venture
almost a century ago. Not for these reasons alone do indigenous voices matter,
but ruling elites also and ironically warn of capitalism's disastrous
trajectory.
There are other indicators of economic
contraction, including lowered manufacturing activity in China and failure in
British consumer prices to rise. New orders, export orders, employment, and
also output prices have all experienced decline. Even the European Central Bank
admits that injecting one trillion Euros into financial markets over an
18-month period would not up employment in the future. And yet, the corporate
and financial oligarchy continues to enrich itself at the expense of the
working class that is subject to an unflagging austerity assault everywhere
within the capitalist system. Rather than working to change this system, which
would not be in the ruling elites' self-interest, the international consortium
of financial puppet-masters rather conspire to offset total market destruction
with smaller crises at the expense of the world's most vulnerable human beings. Perhaps as many afflicted voices and voices of resistance would
therefore agree that “saving capitalism from itself” is not the solution to US
global parasitism, criminal wealth appropriation, and an utterly bankrupt
profit system. No longer does the strength of US capitalism fuel a boost for
productive forces and methods that once sent ripples through a globalized
economy. So, many have argued that the remedy for the historic crisis of
capitalism is international socialism. If this is true, then that socialism
surely must be ecosocialism.
Mateo Pimentel is an Axis of Logic columnist, living on the US-Mexico border. Read the Biography and additional articles by Axis Columnist Mateo Pimentel.
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